You can simulate different network conditions to test the performance of your apps. When you run your tests with the default network settings, each device will have an unhindered WiFi connection with Internet connectivity. With the Throttle Network feature, you can change the WiFi connection to simulate the speeds of network profiles like 2G or 3G that controls bandwidth, latency and packet loss.
To verify the feature's working, you can download Fast Speed Test application from the Google Playstore and notice how the network speed changes, when network profiles are changed using the Throttle Network feature.
Note: Network throttling on Android devices works by setting up proxy on android devices, to capture all traffic, which means, network throttling rules will not be honoured by apps which are proxy unaware.