Selenium Cheat Sheet: Quick Commands and Essential Tips

Selenium is one of the most popular test automation tools for web application testing. It allows the simulation of user actions on the browser. It is popular because of its unique features, such as cross browser testing, support for multiple programming languages, parallel execution, and support for third-party integrations like BrowserStack.

Selenium is a vast tool with many commands and configurations. Knowing all the commands and remembering them can be challenging, especially for beginners.

The Selenium cheat sheet is handy because it provides a quick reference guide on commands, helping to accelerate automation.

What is a Selenium Cheat Sheet?

It is designed for both beginners and advanced users. It summarizes the entire documentation into lists, eliminating the need to read the complete documents. Additionally, it comes in handy while developing automation scripts.

Why is a Selenium Cheat Sheet Essential for Automation?

Selenium is vast, with many commands and best practices. Reading and recalling all the documentation while designing automation scripts is difficult. The cheat sheet acts as a quick reference and accelerates the automation scripts.

Additionally, having a ready reference boosts productivity, minimizes errors, and ensures consistency across test scripts. A cheat sheet becomes an essential asset for teams working under tight deadlines, allowing them to maintain quality without compromising speed.

Quick Commands for Selenium Automation

Selenium offers many commands to automate user actions on browsers, including navigating to URLs, performing actions like clicking, hovering, typing, switching between iFrames, and more. Below are some of the Selenium commands.

1. Launching a Browser

Selenium provides driver.get() method to navigate to the specific URL.

Syntax

driver.get("<url>");

Example

driver.get("https://browserstack.com");

2. Locating Elements in DOM

In Selenium, locating elements in the DOM is one of the first steps in interacting with a web page. There are several methods available to find elements, each suited for different scenarios.

Below are some common techniques for locating elements:

• findElement(By.id)

Locates an element using its unique id attribute.

Syntax

driver.findElement(By.id("id_value"));

Example

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(“submit_button”));

• findElement(By.name)

Locates an element by its name attribute.

Syntax

driver.findElement(By.name("name_value"));

Example

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("submit_button_name"));

• findElement(By.className)

Finds an element using its `class` attribute.

Syntax

driver.findElement(By.className("class_name"));

Example

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By. className ("submit_btn_class"));

• findElement(By.tagName)

Locates elements by their HTML tag, for example, `div`, `input`.

Syntax

driver.findElement(By.tagName("tag_name"));

Example

WebElement heading5 = driver.findElement(By.tagName("h5"));

• findElement(By.linkText)

Finds a link element using its exact visible text.

Syntax

driver.findElement(By.linkText("Link Text"));

Example

WebElement clickElement = driver.findElement(By.linkText("Click Me"));

• findElement(By.partialLinkText)

Locates a link using partially visible text.

Syntax

driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Partial Link Text"));

Example

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Click here to"))

• findElement(By.xpath)

Uses XPath expressions to locate elements. Selenium XPath is a way to locate elements on a web page by navigating the document structure using XML paths. It allows you to find elements based on their attributes, hierarchy, or text content, making it more flexible than other locators. XPath can be used with various expressions like absolute or relative paths.

Syntax

driver.findElement(By.xpath("XPath expression"));

Example

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@id='clickbtn']"));

• findElement(By.cssSelector)

Locates elements using CSS selectors for concise and efficient selection. CSS selectors in Selenium are used to find elements on a web page by matching their CSS attributes such as classes, IDs, or attributes. They provide an easy way to locate elements based on their styles and hierarchy.

Syntax

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("CSS selector"));

Example

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a.button"));

3. Selenium Action commands

Selenium action commands allow to interact with the browser. Using these commands you can simulate the user actions such as type, click, rightClick, etc. Below is the List of action commands in Selenium.

• Click

Purpose: Simulates the click event on the browser.

Syntax:

element.click();

Example:

driver.findElement(By.id("submitBtn")).click();

• SendKeys

Purpose: Simulates the action of typing text into an input field in the browser

Syntax:

element.sendKeys("Text to type");

Example:

driver.findElement(By.id("email")).sendKeys("ok@example.com");

• Clear

Purpose: Clears the text input field.

Syntax:

element.clear();

Example:

driver.findElement(By.id("email")).clear();

• GetText

Purpose: Retrieves the text content of an element. Returns string

Syntax:

element.getText();

Example:

String name = driver.findElement(By.id("profile_name")).getText();

• GetAttribute

Purpose: Retrieves the value of a specified attribute from an element. Returns string.

Syntax:

element.getAttribute("attributeName");

Example:

String class = driver.findElement(By.id("profile_name")).getAttribute("class");

• RightClick

Purpose: Performs a right-click or context click on an element.

Syntax

new Actions(driver). contextClick(element).perform();

Example

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("rightClickHere"));
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.contextClick(element).perform();

• DoubleClick

Purpose: Performs a double-click on a specified element

Syntax

new Actions(driver). doubleClick(element).perform();

Example

WebElement link = driver.findElement(By.id("doubleClickHere"));
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.doubleClick(link).perform();

4. Navigation Commands In Selenium

Learn to effortlessly navigate through web pages using Selenium’s powerful commands like Refresh(), navigate().to(), back(), and forward().

• Navigate

Purpose: Navigates to the specified URL on the currently opened window

Syntax

driver.navigate().to("url_to_navigate");

Example

driver.navigate().to("https://www.browserstack.com");

• Back

Purpose: Simulates the browser’s “Back” button, moving to the previous page in the browser history.

Syntax

driver.navigate().back()

Example

driver.navigate().back();

• Forward

Purpose: Simulates the browser’s “Forward” button, moving to the next page in the browser history after navigating backward.

Syntax

driver.navigate().forward();

Example

driver.navigate().forward();

• Refresh

Purpose: Refreshes the current page, simulating a page reload

Syntax

driver.navigate().refresh();

Example

driver.navigate().refresh();

5. Handling Frames and Windows

While performing automation, you may need to switch between multiple windows and iFrames. Selenium provides an easy way to perform these actions.

• Handling Frames

Switch to Frame Using the Index

Purpose: Switches to a frame using its index position in the DOM. Indexing starts from 0, so the first frame has an index of 0, and the second frame has an index of 1.

Switching by index works when the frames are static. However, if the page dynamically adds or removes frames, the index may change, leading to errors.

Syntax

driver.switchTo().frame(index);

Example

driver.switchTo().frame(0);

• Switch to a Frame by Name

Purpose: Switches to a frame by its name

Syntax

driver.switchTo().frame("frameName");

Example

driver.switchTo().frame("Myframe");

• Switch to a Frame by ID

Purpose: Switches to a frame by its id

Syntax

driver.switchTo().frame("frameID");

Example

driver.switchTo().frame("MyframeID");

• Switch to a Frame by WebElement

Switches to a frame using a WebElement. Using this method you can use the locators to switch the iFrames such as id, css, etc.

Syntax

WebElement frameElement = driver.findElement("user any locator strategies such as css, id, xpath, etc");

driver.switchTo().frame(frameElement);

Example

WebElement frame = driver.findElement(By.id("frameId"));


driver.switchTo().frame(frame);

• Switch Back to the Main Document

Purpose: Switches to the main document, ideally useful after performing the action within iFrame

Syntax

driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

Example

// Switch to the frame


driver.switchTo().frame("frame1");


//do some actions


//Switch to main context


driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

6. Switching to a Window in Selenium

Selenium supports working with multiple tabs or windows. Switch between multiple windows can be performed easily with Selenium’s switchTo() method.

• Switch to a Window using Window Handle

Purpose: Switches to a specific window by using its unique window handle.

getWindowHandle(): With this method, you get a unique ID of the current window which will identify it within this driver instance. This method will return the value of the String type.

getWindowHandles( ): With this method, you get the IDs of all the windows the web driver opens.

Syntax

driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle);

Example

String currentWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();

driver.findElement(By.id("openNewWindow")).click();

Set<String> allWindowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();

for (String handle : allWindowHandles) {

    if (!handle.equals(currentWindow)) {

        driver.switchTo().window(handle);

        break; 

    }

}

• Switch to the First or Last Window

Purpose: Switches to the first or last window in the set of open windows.

Syntax

driver.switchTo().window(allHandles.iterator().next());

Example

Set<String> allHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();


driver.switchTo().window(allHandles.iterator().next());

• Switch to a Window by Partial URL

Purpose: Switch to a window based on a condition such as a partial URL

Syntax

for (String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {

    driver.switchTo().window(handle);

    if (driver.getCurrentUrl().contains("partialURL")) {

        break;

    }

}

Example

String originalWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();

//Below code opens new window

driver.findElement(By.id("openNewWindow")).click();

for (String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {

    driver.switchTo().window(handle);

    if (driver.getCurrentUrl().contains("browserstack.com")) {

        break;  // Switch to the window with the matching URL

    }

}

• Switch to the Last Opened Window

Purpose: This method helps to switch the context to the last opened window

Syntax

driver.switchTo().window(allHandles.toArray()[allHandles.size() - 1].toString());

Example

driver.switchTo().window(allHandles.toArray()[allHandles.size() - 1].toString());

7. Assertions for Validation

Assertions are a crucial part of Selenium tests. Based on these assertions tests are marked as pass or fail. There are many libraries you can incorporate to perform the assertions. However, TestNG is the most popular and widely used. The example below shows how to perform assertions using TestNG

• Assert.assertEquals()

Purpose: Verifies if two values are equal

Syntax

Assert.assertEquals(actual, expected);

Example

String actual = "Browser";

String expected = " Browser ";

Assert.assertEquals(actual, expected);  //Passes as two strings are equal

• Assert.assertNotEquals()

Purpose: Verifies if two values are not equal

Syntax

Assert.assertNotEquals(actual, expected);

Example

String actual = "Browser";

String expected = "Stack";

Assert.assertNotEquals(actual, expected); //Passes as two string are not equal

• Assert.assertTrue()

Purpose: Verifies if a given condition, expression, or variable value is true

Syntax

Assert.assertTrue(condition);

Example

boolean condition = true;

Assert.assertTrue(condition); //Passes

• Assert.assertFalse()

Purpose: Verifies if a given condition, expression, or variable value is false

Syntax

Assert.assertFalse(condition);

Example

boolean condition = false;

Assert.assertTrue(condition); //Fail

• Assert.assertNull()

Purpose: Verifies that an object is null

Syntax

Assert.assertNull(object);

Example

Object object = null;

Assert.assertNull(object); //Passes as object is null

• Assert.assertNotNull()

Purpose: Verifies that an object is not null

Syntax

Assert.assertNotNull(object);

Example

Object object = new Object();

Assert.assertNotNull(object); //Passes are object is not a null

• Assert.fail()

Purpose: Force fail the test with a custom message

Syntax

Assert.fail("Custom message");

Example

Assert.fail("Fail this test."); //Fails with custom message

• Assert.assertSame()

Purpose: Verifies that two objects refer to the same memory location

Syntax

Assert.assertSame(actual, expected);

Example

String str1 = new String("Browserstack");

String str2 = str1;

Assert.assertSame(str1, str2); //Passes as two objects refer the same memory location

• Assert.assertNotSame()

Purpose: Verifies that two objects do not refer to the same memory location.

Syntax

Assert.assertNotSame(actual, expected);

Example

String str1 = new String("Browsertack");

String str2 = new String("Browsertack ");

Assert.assertNotSame(str1, str2);  //Fails as two objects refer different memory location

8. Explicit and Implicit Waits

Waits help reduce test flakiness by ensuring elements are ready for interaction before performing actions. Selenium provides two primary wait mechanisms: Implicit Wait and Explicit Wait.

• Implicit Wait

Purpose: The implicit wait instructs WebDriver to wait for a certain amount of time when trying to locate elements. If the element is not immediately available, WebDriver will wait until the timeout is reached. This wait is applied globally, meaning it affects all element searches during the execution of the script.

Important Note: Overusing implicit waits or setting very long timeouts can slow down the execution of your tests, especially when elements are available quickly

Syntax

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Example

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

• Explicit Wait

Explicit wait is used to wait for a specific condition to occur before interacting. This has an element-level scope and it is a recommended type of wait to use.It is more flexible and is generally preferred when dealing with dynamic elements.

Syntax

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeInSeconds);

wait.until(ExpectedConditions.condition);

Example

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));

WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("someElement")));

elelment.sendKeys("user@browserstack.com");

9. Scrolling in Selenium using Javascript

Javascript Executor is a powerful interface in Selenium that allows you to execute the Javascript code during the test automation. It helps to achieve the complex scenarios that Selenium native commands cannot perform. By using JavascriptExecutor in Selenium, you can run JavaScript functions on the fly, which is particularly useful for testing complex, dynamic web applications

• Scroll with JavaScript Executor

The JavaScriptexecutor can be used to programmatically scroll through the webpage, either to a specific position or to a particular element. The window.scrollBy() function can be used with JavaScriptexecutor to achieve this.This is useful in situations where elements are not initially visible or need to be brought into view before interacting with them.

Syntax

((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.scrollBy(x,y)");

Note: x and y are horizontal and vertical scroll values respectively

Example

// Scroll down by 1000 pixels vertically

((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.scrollBy(0, 1000)");

• Scroll to a Specific Element with JavaScript Executor

It helps to ensure that an element is in view before interacting with it. This helps test dynamic content, where elements might be rendered outside of the initially visible viewport or need to be scrolled into view before performing actions.

Syntax

((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", element);

Example

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("myButton"));

((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", element);

//After executing the above function, the myButton element will be in the view.

• File Uploads and Downloads

Selenium can simulate file uploads, but it cannot directly handle file download dialogs because they are part of the operating system’s native UI, which Selenium cannot control. However, these scenarios can be managed using additional libraries such as Robot Class (for automating interactions with native OS dialogs) or browser-specific configurations for handling downloads

• File Uploads in Selenium

File upload can be achieved using the sendKeys command in Selenium.

Syntax

WebElement uploadElement = driver.findElement(By.id("fileUpload"));

uploadElement.sendKeys("C:\\path\\to\\your\\file.extension");

Example

WebElement uploadElement = driver.findElement(By.id("file-upload"));

uploadElement.sendKeys("C:\\Users\\User\\Photos\\elephant.jpg");

• Handling file downloads dialogs in Selenium

As mentioned earlier Selenium cannot handle the file download dialogs. These dialogs are native to the operating system Selenium cannot control them. However, using third-party libraries like Robot Class you can achieve them

Example

driver.get("https://example.com/download");

driver.findElement(By.id("downloadBtn")).click();

Robot robot = new Robot();

// Move the focus to the "Save" button by pressing Tab twice

robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_TAB);

robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_TAB);

robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_TAB);

robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_TAB);

// Press Enter to click the "Save" button and start the download

robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);

robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);

// Allow some time for the file to download

TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(20);

10. Essential Tips for Selenium Efficiency

Selenium provides libraries to implement, and the framework can be designed differently. However, the efficiency of the framework depends on how you design the framework. Below are some of the tips to increase the efficiency.

• Use the Page Object Model (POM)

The Page Object Model is a test automation design pattern that separates the test logic and UI interaction code. This makes the test scripts easier to maintain and more readable. You can also reuse the code across multiple tests to improve maintainability. For example, you can create the LoginPage class to maintain the login-related UI elements and supported methods. These methods can be called in any of the test scripts just by importing them.

Example:

public class LoginPage {

WebElement usernameField = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));

WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id("password"));

WebElement loginButton = driver.findElement(By.id("login"));



public void login(String username, String password) {

usernameField.sendKeys(username);

passwordField.sendKeys(password);

loginButton.click();

}

}

• Reuse Test Scripts

Create reusable methods wherever you feel some part of the code can be used multiple times. This reduces the number of lines of code and also reduces the maintenance. For example, if you are performing the cart checkout multiple times, create reusable functions for the same, and these functions can be called from anywhere whenever you need to perform this action.

• Create Helper Classes

Helper classes are building blocks of the automation framework. Try to create helper classes for commonly used scenarios like JSON path extraction, random data generation, wait mechanisms, etc. This helps in writing the same code multiple times across the test scripts and also accelerates the automation scripting.

Example:

Helper class for waiting:

public class WaitHelper {

public static WebElement waitForElementToBeVisible(WebDriver driver, By locator, int timeout) {

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(timeout));

return wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(locator));

}

}

• Implement Data-Driven Testing

Data-driven testing enables you to run the same test with different sets of data, increasing test coverage. This approach is especially useful when you need to verify functionality across multiple input combinations without duplicating test logic.

Many testing libraries such as JUnit, and TestNG support this. Additionally, data-driven testing can be configured to use data from sources like Excel, and CSV files.

Example:

@DataProvider(name = "loginData")

public Object[][] loginData() {

return new Object[][] {

{"user1", "password1"},

{"user2", "password2"}

};

}



@Test(dataProvider = "loginData")

public void testLogin(String username, String password) {

loginPage.login(username, password);

// Add assertions to validate the login process

}

• Use Explicit Waits Instead of Implicit Waits

Explicit waits are applied at the element level, and implicit waits are applied at the global level to the whole project. Improper usage of implicit waits can increase the test duration, which can also lead to inconsistent results.

It’s generally better to use explicit waits as they provide more control and precision for waiting on specific conditions to be met.

• Use Parallel Execution

The parallel execution mechanism executes tests parallely on multiple browser sessions. This considerably reduces the test duration. To enable parallel execution, you need to write the tests as independently as possible.

Example:

<suite name="Parallel Tests" parallel="tests" thread-count="2">

<test name="Test1">

<classes>

<class name="TestClass1"/>

</classes>

</test>

<test name="Test2">

<classes>

<class name="TestClass2"/>

</classes>

</test>

</suite>

• Use CSS locators over XPath

The locator strategy can also contribute to the test execution performance. Using CSS locators is always preferred over complex XPath expressions. Additionally, using simple and unique locators reduces search time and improves test execution speed.

Common Challenges in Selenium and Solutions

Here are some of the most common challenges in Selenium and how they can be solved:

1. Element Not Found Exception

NoSuchElementException is one of the most common exceptions encountered in Selenium. It occurs when WebDriver cannot locate a specified element on the page.

This exception typically indicates that either the element is not present in the DOM or the element’s locator is incorrect or outdated. In Selenium automation tests, NoSuchElementException is thrown when an element cannot be found or interacted with during the test execution.

Solution: Use implicit and explicit waits for the specific element to appear in the DOM tree.

Example

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));

WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("someId")));

element.click();

2. Handling Dynamic Elements

Often many components are loaded dynamically, which will have dynamic IDs and attributes. It may be difficult to find the unique attribute.

Solution: Use text-based locator approach to handle the dynamic locator.

Example

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[contains(text(), 'Dynamic Text')]"));

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));

wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(element));

element.click();

3. Handling Shadow DOM

Selenium cannot directly interact with elements inside a Shadow DOM. Elements within a Shadow DOM are isolated from the main DOM, making it difficult to locate and interact with them.

Solution: Use JavaScript executor to efficiently handle the shadow DOM.

Example

WebElement shadowHost = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("shadow-host-selector"));

WebElement shadowRoot = shadowHost.getShadowRoot();

WebElement shadowElement = shadowRoot.findElement(By.cssSelector("element-inside-shadow-dom"));

shadowElement.click();

4. Hidden Elements

Selenium often may not be able to interact with some of the elements because the elements are hidden. The modern application uses a specialized mechanism where elements are visible only when we scroll into specific elements.

Solution: Use the scroll into view JavaScript function to bring the element into the viewport

Example

((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", element);

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));

wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(element));

element.click();

Note: This adds both scrolling and a wait for the element’s visibility, ensuring more reliable interaction.

Unable to interact with Alerts and Popups

The alerts and pops cannot be inspected and cannot construct the locators as these are native to browsers.

Solution: Use the Selenium Alert interface to handle standard browser popups. This approach applies to standard browser alerts. For non-browser alert popups (such as modals), you may need to use JavaScriptExecutor or interact with specific DOM elements.

Example

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

alert.accept();

Talk to an Expert

Best Practices for Using Selenium

Here are the best practices to be followed when using Selenium:

Test execution time can be a concern when you are running large test suites. To optimize the test execution time, use explicit waits instead of implicit waits to pause only when necessary, reducing idle time. Avoid using Thread.sleep(), which introduces unnecessary delays. Instead, use dynamic waits.

1. Use Reusable and Maintainable Test Scripts

Maintenance becomes more challenging as the test suite grows. Use the Page Object Model (POM) to separate the logic of finding elements and performing actions from the test logic.

This increases code reusability and helps avoid duplication across tests. Additionally, it creates helper functions for common actions, which simplifies future maintenance.

2. Use Descriptive Locators

The locators you use majorly influence test failures and execution time. Use ID and name attributes over XPath because they are faster and less prone to changes in the page structure. Always use the most stable and unique element attributes to make your tests more reliable.

While XPath is powerful, it can be slower and more fragile compared to ID or name attributes, especially if the DOM structure changes frequently.

3. Implement Parallel Test Execution

Running tests in parallel can considerably reduce execution time. To execute tests across multiple threads, utilize TestNG, JUnit, and Selenium capabilities.

Cloud-based services like BrowserStack enable parallel execution across various browsers and platforms. This helps you achieve faster feedback across different environments.

For example, in TestNG, you can use the @Test annotation with the parallel attribute to run tests concurrently across multiple threads.

4. Use Assertions for Test Validation

Assertions are key to verifying test outcomes and validating that web applications behave as expected. Assertions provide clear evidence of success or failure, making it easier to track and debug issues. Use multiple assertions within the same test to ensure the functionality and increase the reliability of your scripts.

5. Use Data-Driven Approach

Data-driven testing allows you to execute the same tests with different sets of data. This not only increases reusability but also simplifies testing with different input sets without altering the codebase. It also allows for easy updates to the data without modifying the actual scripts.

6. Use Proper Logging and Reporting

Most of the frameworks lack this, but proper logging and reporting are vital for understanding the behavior of your test scripts and debugging failures. Log4J and SLF4J libraries can come in handy for logging, and TestNG reporters and Extent reports can help in generating impressive reports with ease.

Structured logging with detailed error messages helps to pinpoint issues quickly, improving test maintenance and debugging efficiency.

How BrowserStack Enhances Selenium Automation?

BrowserStack Automate amplifies Selenium’s features by providing the cloud execution platform with district features.

• It supports Parallel testing. You can run hundreds of tests concurrently to speed up the execution time of your test suite by more than 10x.
• Test runs capture comprehensive logs, such as text, console, video, and network details. Access them via the dashboard or API.
• BrowserStack provides access to a wide variety of real browsers and devices, allowing you to test your Selenium scripts across multiple browsers and versions without needing to set up your own infrastructure.
• Eliminates the need to maintain your on-premise Selenium grid. BrowserStack’s cloud-based infrastructure handles everything, saving time and resources.
• BrowserStack integrates with popular CI/CD tools, enabling continuous testing of your Selenium scripts in automated pipelines.

Conclusion

Selenium offers various ways to simulate user behavior on the browser. It supports multiple programming languages, browsers, and integration tools like BrowserStack and streamlines the testing process.

By following the cheat sheets and best practices, you can enhance the Selenium framework and accelerate the test automation. Integrating Selenium with CI tools like Jenkins and BrowserStack for continuous testing can further streamline your testing process, ensuring fast, reliable feedback.

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